A manager described a colleague as lacking confidence. Their own 360 feedback showed the same assumption running in the opposite direction. Managers interpret their teams through their own strengths and their own careers, and treat behaviour as an explanation when it is only evidence. What that costs organisations, and what works instead.

Ask a manager how their one-to-ones are going and they will almost always tell you: fine. The meetings happen, the topics get covered, the time passes. And yet the same issues surface a week later. The same person seems flat. The same friction stays unresolved. If the one-to-one is doing its job, why does so little actually change?